Eine Überprüfung der plastic

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Microbial species capable of degrading plastics are known to science, some of which are potentially useful for disposal of certain classes of plastic waste.

The plastic industry includes the global production, compounding, conversion and sale of plastic products. Although the Middle East and Russia produce most of the required petrochemical raw materials, the production of plastic is concentrated rein the global East and West. The plastic industry comprises a huge number of companies and can Beryllium divided into several sectors:

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To customize the properties of a plastic, different molecular groups called side chains hang from this backbone; they are usually hung from the monomers before the monomers themselves are linked together to form the polymer chain. The structure of these side chains influences the properties of the polymer.

Plastics are produced rein chemical plants by the polymerization of their starting materials (monomers); which are almost always petrochemical hinein nature. Such facilities are normally large and are visually similar to oil refineries, with sprawling pipework running throughout. The large size of these plants allows them to exploit economies of scale.

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Plasticity also has a technical definition in materials science outside the scope of this article referring to the non-reversible change hinein form of solid substances.

Plastics typically are made through human industrial systems. Most modern plastics are derived from fossil fuel-based chemicals like natural gas or petroleum; however, recent industrial methods use variants made from renewable materials, such as corn or cotton derivatives.[1]

Engineering plastics are more robust and are used to make products such as vehicle parts, building and construction materials, and some machine parts. In some cases they are polymer blends formed by mixing different plastics together (ABS, HIPS etc.

Additives may be weakly bound to the polymers or react in the polymer matrix. Although additives are blended into plastic they remain chemically distinct from it, and can gradually leach back out during häufig use, when in landfills, or following improper disposal in the environment.[36] Additives may also degrade to form other toxic molecules. Plastic fragmentation into microplastics and nanoplastics can allow chemical additives to move hinein the environment far from the point of use.

There are differing estimates of how much check here plastic waste has been produced in the belastung century. By one estimate, one billion tons of plastic waste have been discarded since the 1950s.

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A plastic handle from a kitchen utensil, deformed by heat and partially melted One important classification of plastics is the degree to which the chemical processes used to make them are reversible or not.

Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Much of this material may persist for centuries or longer, given the demonstrated persistence of structurally similar natural materials such as amber.